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In the 1800s, the species bred as far north as Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, and east to the Atlantic coast of the United States (Ackerman et al. 2013). Its regular breeding range is now much restricted by comparison, and in Canada, is limited to wetlands and alkaline lakes in southern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba. Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) coverage of these areas is good and this conspicuous species is well monitored by the survey. Results from the BBS suggest that, though the population has fluctuated over the years, there has been little overall change since 1970.
Additional information on: Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) - Canadian analysis